For africa to break the impasse of underdevelopment, the paper calls for good. For africa to break the impasse of underdevelopment, the paper calls for good governance and the establishment of special agencies to monitor all. Under development in subsaharan africa is caused by both internal and external factors. Why africa remains underdeveloped despite its potential. Underdevelopment of africa underdevelopment in africa is a problem that has been plaguing the countries all over the continent for a very long time. The underdevelopment of africa by europe revealing histories. Underdevelopment in subsaharan africa is caused by both internal and external factors. Used primarily to distinguish states along benchmarks concerning human developmentsuch as macroeconomic growth, health, education, and. Physical underdevelopment in children is caused by famine or lack of vital nutrients. Imperialism and economic underdevelopment in sudan.
It is doubtful that underdevelopment and poverty in africa is caused by a shortage of financial, human, material or. Oct 11, 2012 the book, how africans underdeveloped africa by joshua agbo focused on the role that africans have played in the underdevelopment of africa. Furthermore, special agencies should be established to monitor, evaluate and process the execution of developmental projects, this will go a long way in addressing the deficit in social amenities for. Different schools of thought have developed in order to find out the causes of africas underdevelopment. For instance, the modernist school believes that africa needs to follow the development strategies of the industrialized nations before it can be developed, while the dependency theorists argued that the exploitation of africa by the super powers was responsible for africas. Americans, africa, australia and asia through engaging in terrorism, genocide, and gross human rights violations and at the same time claimed the superiority of their cultures, religion christianity, race, and civilization. The european colonial powers, namely spain, portugal. One of the more striking recent trends in the study of african history has been the mushrooming of studies focusing on the underdevelopment of africa or some part of it following the publication of walter rodneys how europe underdeveloped africa in 1972. Pdf why africa remains underdeveloped despite its potential. Africa has the richest natural resources and yet it is poor and stagnant in growth and development. These were severely disrupted by europeans to create wealth for themselves. Pdf root causes of african underdevelopment researchgate.
It has brought about so many consequences, but of all, the economy is the most affected sector. In other words, in spite of all the wealthy resources including human and material in its possession, africa is the worlds poorest continent. A critical analysis on the reasons of underdevelopment in. Dependence theories concentrate on explanations of the genesis of underdevelopment and pay little attention to strategies for overcoming this situation. Accountability and transparent leadership are capable of a gendering development in nigeria. The paper pinpoints that corruption is the core reason behind african underdevelopment and it laid emphasis on corruption and underdevelopment interface in nigeria. Majorly depending on external assistance will lead africa nowhere. Europes past and present exploitation of africa played a significant part. Religion africa is highly divers in culture, tradition, religion and ways of life. Africa is home to a very large percentage of the poorest people in the world. Recent happenings in nigeria especially the post election violence in april, 2011 confirms the main thesis of this book that africans are responsible for the underdevelopment of africa. Is it the long history of slave trade, the legacy of extractive.
The structuralist approach looks at development in terms of the power relationship between different nations and between different people within. Pdf the causes of underdevelopment in the third world. This widespread poverty serves as a chief cause of underdevelopment in africa. This paper explores the factors responsible for the underdevelopment of most african states with an attempt to provide some possible recommendations to overcoming the socioeconomic and political problems faced by the continent in a growing inter connected globalised world. In fact, this year, the british prime minister theresa may remarked that africa and in particular nigeria is home to some of the poorest people in the world. The external factors according to radical scholars or neomarxist are slavery, colonialism and neocolonialism. Africa is highly divers in culture, tradition, religion and ways of life. The colonial underdevelopment of africa by europe and the. Implicit development here means liberation, end of structural dependence, and independence.
It has brought about so many consequences, but of all, the economy is the most affected sector because the. There is a strong link between dependency and underdevelopment in africa. This has necessitated the evocation of dependency theory in explaining africas cum nigerias underdevelopment situation, hence africas underdevelopment has been linked to two categories of factors. One of his main arguments throughout the book is that africa developed europe at the same rate as europe underdeveloped africa.
England, holland, france, belgium, germany, and italy and their african collaborators terrorized. Underdevelopment is not backwardness but intentional downward development. Pdf what are the root causes of africas current state of underdevelopment. Causes of underdevelopment in developing countries answers. Dependency and underdevelopment in africa edustore. The causes of underdevelopment in the third world and possibility for human development article pdf available march 2016 with 34,331 reads how we measure reads. Pdf africa is rich in natural as well as human resources which are the. It has brought about so many consequences, but of all, the economy is the most affected sector because the economic sector controls all other aspect of.
What are the root causes of africas current state of underdevelopment. A critical analysis in addition to the large expanse of arable land sudan has a large deposit of important minerals and natural resources such as iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, and tungsten, uranium, silver and gold. Imperialism and neocolonialism from former or superior nations whom directly or indirectly might be in the helms of affairs of these. Underdevelopment in africa journal of social, political and. The crisis of underdevelopment in subsaharan africa longdom. Despite diversity is known as unity, africas diversity has been a source of conflict for civil war. Every continent independently participated in the early epochs of the extension of mans control over his environment which means in effect that every continent can point to a period of economic development. The only industrialized nation we have in africa is south africa. Financial undevelopment is caused by lack of investment in africa. Pdf root causes of african underdevelopment barbara. The first three chapters, on development in general, and development in africa before the arrival of europeans, and development in europe, were quite dull, though the second has many fascinating snippets of information, it was too brief a tour to give the subject the kind of attention that would make it enjoyable rather than necessary, and i wasnt convinced that measuring social conditions in. By the decade of seventies of the 20th century, the theory of the stages of economic growth became redundant and the structural internationalist theory became prominent. Despite diversity is known as unity, africa s diversity has been a source of conflict for civil war. Unless the african leaders become committed to improve their nation, the continent will remain under development.
Underdevelopment definition of underdevelopment by the free. Development and underdevelopment in the third world. It was the expedition of columbus in 1492 that stimulated the global search for colonies and markets. The chinese who are coming to do business in africa get rich in 510 years. Pdf underdevelopment in sub saharan africa robbins o w. Feb 25, 2014 since rodney was not opportune to witness the africa of today, we must take it as a duty, to bring out the role of africans in the massive underdevelopment of contemporary africa. The causes of underdevelopment in developing countries include. A critical analysis on the reasons of underdevelopment in africa.
Root causes of african underdevelopment sambit bhattacharyya. A single factor theory of africas underdevelopment science. Root causes of african underdevelopment article pdf available in journal of african economies 185 february 2008 with 77,881 reads how we measure reads. Is it the long history of slave trade, the legacy of extractive colonial insti tutions, or the. Economic underdevelopment in africa in contrast with the surging growth of the countries in the socialist camp, the majority of the capitalist countries, is the unquestionable fact that a large proportion of the socalled underdeveloped countries are in total stagnation. Europe as a parallel process with african underdevelopment. Pdf underdevelopment in sub saharan africa robbins o w e. How europe underdeveloped africa is a 1972 book written by walter rodney that takes the view that africa was deliberately exploited and underdeveloped by european colonial regimes. Before the europeans arrived in africa, africa had vibrant economic, social and political structures. This condition has diverted the attention of governments from development to security.
Underdevelopment, relating to international development, reflects a broad condition or phenomena defined and critiqued by theorists in fields such as economics, development studies, and postcolonial studies. Africa with all of its intellectual and material wealth then became threatened and attacked by the most massively cruel system of exploitation the world had yet to witness, i. What caused africas underdevelopment is a complex issue. For africa to break the impasse of underdevelopment, the leaders should incorporate good governance and tackle corruption in all ramifications. Hence, this paper makes a clarion call to the current african leaders to seriously look more inwards and less outwards for african development. Economic underdevelopment in africa violence in twentieth. Critical thinking and studies, such as subaltern studies, assist to confront and expose the false claims of universalism that attempts to hide colonial history and imperialist practices. This is by no means an attempt to sweep under the carpet, the brutal, selfish, exploitative and inhumane roles played by the western imperialists in africas.
Africans are the major cause of their underdevelopment. The internal factors, nnadozie said, fan the ember of. Africa, being the original home of man, was a major. Pdf the causes of underdevelopment in the third world and. Foreign aid appears to be responsible for the underdevelopment of africa. Essay underdevelopment of africa 635 words bartleby.